Keywords
pregnancy
malaria
prognosis
Niamey
Niger
How to Cite
Abstract
Introduction :
Anemia causes fatigue and leads to high morbidity and mortality in pregnant women in our developing regions. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence, contributing factors, clinical and therapeutic aspects of patients hospitalized for anemia during pregnancy.
Materials and methods :
This was a retrospective study from January 1 to December 31, 2018 at the Regional Hospital Center (CHR) of Niamey. All women hospitalized for anemia and pregnancy as well as newborns of those who gave birth during the study period were included. Anemia was defined accordi Results: We collected 236 cases of anemia out of the 1369 pregnant women hospitalized at the CHR of Niamey, ie a prevalence of 17.24%. The average age of the patients was 24.8 years and the age group of 15 to 20 years represented 36% (n=85). Patients referred from maternities or peripheral health centers constituted 70,3% (n=166). The recommended number of prenatal consultations had not been respected by 216 patients, or 91.5%. The mean hemoglobin level was 4.61g/dl. Anemia was severe in 98% of cases. Malaria was the associated pathology in 69.9% (n=165). Whole blood transfusion was done in 55% of cases (n=129). The clinical course was favorable in 90.7% of cases (n=214.). However, we had recorded 16 cases of maternal death, a rate of 6.8% and 6 escaped patients, a rate of 2.5%. Perinatal mortality was around 17.4% (n=4) among those who gave birth (n=23).
Conclusion :
Insufficient prenatal consultations and malaria were the factors favoring and aggravating anemia in pregnant women. Severe anemia was the most observed clinical form in hospitalized women requiring several blood transfusions. This severity would explain the high mortality in this study. It is necessary to strengthen strategies for screening, prevention and early treatment of anemia during pregnancy in order to improve the prognosis.
References
1. Nguefack T C. et al. Prévalence et facteurs associés à l’anémie en grossesse à l’hôpital général de Douala. Pan Afr Med Journal. 2016;25:133. doi :10.11604/pamj.2016.25.133.10610.
2. WHO. Anaemia in women and children. WHO Global Anaemia estimates , 2021 Edition. World Health Organization; Geneva,Swetzerland:2021. [(Consulté le 9,04,2022)]. Disponible sur : https://www.who.int/data/gho/data/theme s/topics/anaemia_in_women_and_children . [Google Scholar]
3. Gian CD, Spano F, Giardina I, Brillo E, Clerici G, Roua LC. Iron deficiency anemia in pregnancy. Womens Health 2015;11(6):891-900.
4. Stanley AY, Wallace JB, Hernandez AM, Spell JL. Anemia in Pregnancy: Screening and Clinical Management Strategies. MCN Am J Matern Child Nurs. 2022;47(1):25-32.
5. INS-NIGER. Enquête démographique et de santé du Niger EDSN-V 2017 Résultats préliminaires. [Internet]. Mai 2020 [Consultéle13,04,2020]. Disponible sur www.stat-niger.org.
6. Eweis M, Farid EZ, El-Malky N, AbdelRasheed M, Salem S, Shawky S. Prevalence and determinants of anemia during the third trimester of pregnancy. Clin Nutr ESPEN. 2021; 44:194-9.
7. Ilboudo B et al. Facteurs Associés à l’Anémie Sévère de la grossesse en Milieu Hosplitalier dans la Région des Cascades au Burkina Faso. Health Sci Dis. 2021;22(7):26-32.
8. Hamadou H R. Epidémiologie et pronostic maternel et périnatal de l’anémie au cours de la grossesse à la maternité du CHR/poudrière de Niamey : étude prospective à propos de 206 cas. Thèse Méd. FSS-Niamey-Niger,2020, n°3263/25/06/20,113p
9. VanderMeulen H et al. The contribution of iron deficiency to the risk of peripartum transfusion: a retrospective case control study. BMC pregnancy and childbirth. 2020; 20(1):1-10.
10. Organisation mondiale de la santé. Cibles mondiales de nutrition 2025 : Note d’orientation. [Global nutrition Targets 2025 : policy brief series]. Genève : Organisation mondiale de la santé ;2017(WHO/NMH/NHD/14.2). (http//www.who.int>publication>globa.
11. Smith C, Teng F, Branch E, Chu S, Joseph KS. Maternal and Perinatal Morbidity and Mortality Associated with Anemia in Pregnancy. Obstet Gynéco. 2019 ; 134(6) :1234-44.
12. Ugwu NI, Uneke CJ. Iron deficiency anemia in pregnancy in Nigeria-A systematic review. Niger J Clin Pract. 2020 ;23(7) :889-96.
13. Compaoré E. Evolution du taux d’hémoglobine au cours de la grossesse au district sanitaire Sindou. Thèse Méd. UPBBurkinaFaso,2017, n°95/18/04/17,143p.
14. Moussa I C. Prise en charge de l’accouchement chez les adolescentes au CHR de Niamey : Etude prospective à propos de 300 cas colligés sur une période de 6 mois (25 juin au 25 décembre 2019). Thèse Méd. FSS-Niamey-Niger, 2021, n°3543 /24/07/21,137p.
15. Harrison RK, Lauhon SR, Colvin ZA, McIntosh JJ. Maternal anemia and severe maternal morbidity in a US cohort. Am J Obstet Gynecol MFM. 2021 ;3(5) :100395. doi: 10.1016/j.ajogmf.2021.100395.
16. Butwick AJ, McDonnell N. Antepartum and postpartum anemia : a narrative review. Int J Obstet Anesth. 2021 ; 47 :102985. doi: 10.1016/j.ijoa.2021.102985.
17. Means RT. Iron Deficiency and Iron Deficiency Anemia: Implications and Impact in Pregnancy, Fetal Development, and Early Childhood Parameters. Nutrients. 2020;12(2):447. doi: 10.3390/nu12020447.
18. Mahnaz M, et al. Prevalence of anemia and its risk factors among pregnant women in Khorramabad(Iran)2010-2014. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2016 ;26 :1-4 [PubMed] [Google scholar]
19. Peace JM, Banayan JM. Anemia in pregnancy: pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment. Int Anesthesiol Clin. 2021;59(3):15-21.
20. Chang-Fa S, et al. Association between gestational anemia in different trimesters and neonatal outcomes: a retrospective longitudinal cohort study. Word Journal of Pediatrics. 2021;17(2):197-204.
21. Turawa E, Awotiwon O, Dhansay MA, Cois A, Labadarios D, Bradshaw D, Pillay-van Wyk V. Prevalence of Anaemia, Iron Deficiency, and Iron Deficiency Anaemia in Women of Reproductive Age and Children under 5 Years of Age in South Africa (1997-2021): A Systematic Review. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(23):12799. doi: 10.3390/ijerph182312799.
Metrics
Downloads
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Copyright (c) 2026 H Sanoussi, N Idi, M Garba, R Gomna, L Bembelo, R Gagara