Keywords
complications
children
Niger
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Abstract
Introduction :
Acute bacterial meningitis is a diagnostic and therapeutic emergency. Their morbidity and mortality are high in our context. The aim of this study was to determine the epidemiological, diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of acute bacterial meningitis in children at the Zinder National Hospital (Niger).
Patients and methods :
This was a descriptive cross-sectional study in the infectious and tropical diseases department of the Zinder National Hospital from 1 January to 31 July 2023. Children aged 0-15 years hospitalised for acute bacterial meningitis were included.
Results :
A total of 3283 children were hospitalised, including 246 cases of acute bacterial meningitis, a frequency of 7.49%. The median age was 10 years, ranging from 3 months to 15 years. Males accounted for 66.67%, giving a sex ratio of 2. The main clinical signs were vomiting (100%), headache (100%) and fever (98.78%). Lumbar puncture revealed cloudy cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in 91% of cases and purulent CSF in 9%. Gram staining identified Gram-negative diplococci in 58.13% of cases. Neisseria meningitidis C (Nmc) was diagnosed in 49 patients, S. pneumoniae in 3 patients and one case of meningococcus W 135 out of the 56 PCRs performed. All patients had been treated with ceftriaxone. The main complications were meningoencephalitis in 8.13% (n=20), and meningococcemia (purpuras, arthritis) in 34.96% (n=86). Sequelae occurred in 4% of patients, and the case fatality rate was 6.5%.
Conclusion :
Acute bacterial meningitis is still a public health problem in our countries. Its morbidity and mortality are high. To reduce the incidence of acute bacterial meningitis, we need to improve vaccination coverage and the living conditions of the population.
References
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