Keywords
pediatrics
HNN
Niamey
Niger
How to Cite
Abstract
Introduction :
Sickle cell disease is a genetic and hereditary disease that is found worldwide and is transmitted in an autosomal recessive pattern. The objective of this study was to describe the epidemiological, diagnostic, and evolutionary aspects of sickle cell disease in children in the pediatric departments of the National Hospital of Niamey in 2022.
Methodology :
This was a prospective six-month study conducted between July 2022 and December 2022 involving 35 cases of sickle cell disease in children aged 0 to 14 years.
Results :
During the study period, 1,522 patients were hospitalized in pediatric wards A and B. A total of 35 cases of major sickle cell syndrome were identified, 11 in pediatric ward A (0.7%) and 24 in pediatric ward B (1.6%), representing an overall frequency of 2.3%. The epidemiological profile was that of a child under 24 months of age (31.4%), with males predominating at 54.3% of cases (sex ratio = 1.18). Consanguineous marriage accounted for 48.6% of cases. The SS form was predominant at 91.4%, and the SC form at 8.6%. Pallor was the most common reason for consultation (74.3%), followed by fever (65.7%). Palmar-plantar pallor was the most prominent physical sign (80%). Infections were the most common acute complications, accounting for 97.1% of cases. Severe anemia was found in 51.4% of cases. Treatment was provided on an inpatient basis, with patients being discharged in 100% of cases.
Conclusion :
Sickle cell disease is a common condition in Niger. The SS sickle cell profile is the most common, and infectious complications are the most frequent.
References
1. Organisation mondiale de la Santé. Rapport mondial sur la tuberculose 2024. Genève: Organisation mondiale de la Santé; 2024. Disponible sur: https://www.who.int/teams/globalprogramme-on-tuberculosis-and-lunghealth/tb-reports/global-tuberculosisreport-2024
2. Organisation mondiale de la Santé. Lignes directrices unifiées de l’OMS sur la tuberculose : traitement. Module 4 : traitement de la tuberculose pharmacorésistante. Genève: Organisation mondiale de la Santé; 2020.
3. Organisation mondiale de la Santé. Lignes directrices unifiées de l’OMS sur la tuberculose : traitement. Module 4 : traitement de la tuberculose pharmacorésistante. Mise à jour 2022. Genève: Organisation mondiale de la Santé; 2022.
4. Piubello A, Souleymane MB, Hassane S, Yakoubou A, Lempens P, Mahamadou S, et al. Management of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis with shorter treatment regimen in Niger: Nationwide programmatic achievements. Respir Med. 2020;161:105844.
5. Chariag M, Been S, Khalfallah N, Ben Mansour A, Daghfous H, Tritar F, et al. Facteurs prédictifs des effets indésirables liés au traitement antituberculeux de 2e ligne. Rev Mal Respir. 2025;17(7):134.
6. Ghadage DP, Kamat SJ, Kakodkar UC. Study of adverse drug reactions during drug resistant tuberculosis treatment. Indian J Tuberc. 2024;71(1):136-40.
7. Hadjer N, Haddad L, Nacef L, Aberrahim S, Azouz Y, Ouladkuoider M, et al. États des lieux de la tuberculose multi- ou préultrarésistante dans une région de l’Ouest de l’Algérie de 2004 à 2024. Rev Mal Respir. 2025;17(1):197.
8. Chérif T, Ben S, Ben AM, Mince A, Daghfous H, Tritar F, et al. Tolérance aux médicaments antituberculeux de deuxième ligne. Rev Mal Respir. 2024;16(1):73-4.
9. Matambo R, Chimukangara B, Thebe P, Sandy C, Mandozana S, Makamure T, et al. Adverse events in patients on treatment for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in a programmatic setting in Zimbabwe. PLoS One. 2020;15(4):e0230848.
10. Wang S, Feng L, Xu C, Zhu L, Alffenaar JW. Second-line antituberculosis drug exposure thresholds predictive of adverse events in multidrug-resistant tuberculosis treatment. Int J Infect Dis. 2024;140:62-9.
11. Korotych O, Gurbanova E, Hovhannesyan A, Lomtadze N, Ciobanu A. Effectiveness and safety of modified fully oral 9-month treatment regimens for rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis: a prospective cohort study. BMC Infect Dis. 2024;24(10):4.
12. Boncoungou K, Halidou MS, Maiga S. Devenir des patients atteints de la tuberculose pulmonaire à bacilles préultrarésistants au Burkina Faso. J Funct Vent Pulm. 2023;14(44):15.
13. Kombila UD, Manomba BC, Ibinga LD, Mounguengui D, N’gomanda F, Massolou R, et al. Difficultés et Obstacles dans la Prise en Charge de la Tuberculose Multirésistante au Centre Hospitalier et Universitaire de Libreville : Étude Rétrospective de 2017 à 2020. Health Sci Dis. 2021;22(11):53-8.
14. Poka-Mayap V, Balkissou A, Pefura-Yone EW, Kuaban C. Ototoxicité liée à la kanamycine au cours du traitement de la tuberculose multirésistante. Rev Mal Respir. 2020;37(5):377-84.
15. Laouali H, Ibrahim L. Tuberculose pulmonaire résistante à la rifampicine au centre hospitalier régional de Maradi, Niger (2014-2018). Bull Soc Pathol Exot. 2023;3:4.
16. Santé Tropicale. Journée internationale de la lutte contre le VIH-SIDA [En ligne]. 2024 [cité le 9 avr 2025]. Disponible sur: https://www.santetropicale.com/actus.asp? id=34318&action=lire
17. Viluma A, Skrastina D, Bicans I, Busa I, Vangravs A, Freimane L, et al. Genotypic and phenotypic comparison of drug resistance profiles of clinical multidrugresistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates using whole genome sequencing in Latvia. BMC Infect Dis. 2023;23(1):632.
18. Yehouenou CL. Analyse des résistances phénotypiques et génotypiques des souches du complexe Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolées à l’hôpital Aristide Le Dantec en 2012 [Mémoire]. Dakar: Université Cheikh Anta Diop; 2012. Disponible sur: https://www.microcsb.sn/wpcontent/uploads/2024/12/Memoire-DrCarine-Laurence-YEHOUENOU.pdf
19. Al-Mutairi N, Ahmad S, Mokaddas E. Discordance in Phenotypic and Genotypic Susceptibility Testing for Streptomycin Due to Nonsynonymous/Nonsense Mutations/Deletions in gidB Reading Frame among Clinical Isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Kuwait. Med Princ Pract. 2024;33(4):321-9.
20. Rodriguez M, Celis Y, Evans M, Marcelino E, De Los Santos S. Evaluation of a modified short, fully oral regimen for rifampicinresistant tuberculosis in the Dominican Republic. BMC Infect Dis. 2025;25(1):196.
21. Nguyen B, Vu H, Nguyen T, Duong V, Cao T, Nguyen H, et al. Active surveillance for adverse events in patients on longer treatment regimens for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in Vietnam. PLoS One. 2021;16(9):e0256637.
22. Huerga H, Khan U, Bastard M, Duffau C, Lachenal N, Yaftali P, et al. Safety outcome of a cohort of patients with multidrugresistant tuberculosis in 14 countries treated with bedaquiline and delamanid and other second-line drugs. Clin Infect Dis. 2022;75(8):1307-14.
23. Sun T, Park H, Hahn J, Hong S, Lee YS, Choi JC, et al. A prospective patient registry to monitor the safety and effectiveness of bedaquiline in patients with multidrugresistant tuberculosis in South Korea. BMC Infect Dis. 2023;23(1):15.
24. Tonéatti C, Bouxin-Metro A, Dormont J. Echelle ANRS de cotation de la gravité des événements indésirables graves chez l'adulte. Paris: ANRS; 2003.
25. Akubardia T, Saghinadze Y, Davtyan H, Tukvadze N, Tsereteli T, Kiria N, et al. Effectiveness and safety of a modified shorter, fully oral regimen for multidrugresistant tuberculosis in Georgia, 2019-20. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2021;25(10):816-23.
26. Borisov S, Danila E, Maryandyshev A, Dalcolmo M, Miliauskas S, Kuksa L, et al. Surveillance of adverse events in the treatment of drug-resistant tuberculosis: first global report. Eur Respir J. 2019;54(6):1901522.
27. Park HO, Kim SH, Moon SH, Byun JH, Kim JW, Lee CE, et al. Association between Body Mass Index and Sputum Culture Conversion among South Korean Patients with Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis in a Tuberculosis Referral Hospital. Infect Chemother. 2016;48(4):317–23.
28. Cutfield T, Morpeth L, Pietersen J, Noël T, Hjelmström A, Lewis C, et al. Treatment and outcomes of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in Auckland, 1995-2018. Intern Med J. 2022;52(8):1352-60.
29. Taal I, Alemu D, Okeyo L, Sagymbekova A, Bekele A, Wasi K, et al. Safety and Effectiveness of Bedaquiline-Containing Shorter Treatment Regimens for Rifampicin-Resistant Tuberculosis in High Human Immunodeficiency Virus Burden Rural South Africa: A Retrospective Cohort Analysis. Clin Infect Dis. 2021;73(9):e3563-71.
30. Jafari M, Zarei M, Arab E, Zumla A. Delamanid-containing regimens and multidrug-resistant tuberculosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Glob Antimicrob Resist. 2022;29:90-103.
Metrics
Downloads
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Copyright (c) 2026 B Malam-abdou, B Kouakou, M Maman Brah, A Djibrilla-almoustapha, A Samaila, M Elhadji-chefou, M Moussaram Aïchatou