Keywords
transfusion exchange
sickle cell disease
CNRD
Niamey
How to Cite
Abstract
Introduction :
sickle cell disease is one of the most common genetic diseases. Cerebrovascular accidents (CVAs) are a serious complication of the disease. Patients and Methods: This is a retrospective study from 2015 to 2019, involving 44 sickle cell patients at risk of having a stroke or complicated by a stroke, managed by transfusion exchange at the National Reference Center for Sickle Cell Disease (CNRD) in Niamey.
Results :
The prevalence of stroke in these patients was 0.67%. The most affected age group was 5 to 15 years old, of which the average age was 8.6 years with extremes of 3 months and 20 years. SS phenotype sickle cells accounted for 97.6% of recorded cases and no predominance of sex (sex ratio = 1). The majority of cases, 34.09% were from the city of Niamey. The discovery age was 3 to 6 months for the majority of cases (22 cases out of 44). The first manifestation of the disease by the hands foot syndrome was represented in 45.50% (n=20). Vaso-occlusive bone seizures and severe anemia were the most frequent clinical manifestation with 60% and 50% respectively. On the other hand, the most common consultation reasons were intense headaches and hemiplegies with respectively 43.18% and 31.18%. The rhythm of follow-up is irregular in 59.09% of cases and by the majority had a transfusion history for severe anemia. The DTC made before the transfusion exchange was pathological in 68.18% of cases. While the realization of the scanner has been ensured only for 29.53% of cases (n=13). 92.30% of these strokes are ischemic. The transfusion 1 month development was 55.64% clinically favorable with persistence of stroke sequels in 40.90% of cases.
Conclusion :
The results of this study allowed us to know that transfusion exchange is an effective therapeutic means for management of stroke-type complications in sickle cell patients.
References
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